you shold never tape directly to limestone.  Yes the tape did probably remove some of the stone. grinding may remove most of this damage.

the harded part in that the glue from the tape goes into the pores of the stone.  the glue will act  like a sealer but it will also grab dirt.  you may grind the stone and it will look good but if the glue is not remove these areas will turn dark from dirt and mop water over time so i suggest you scrub with accetone to best diminish the glue and pray.  It is very difficult to fully remove.  Tell your contractors to not tape directly to porous materials.  to tape paper to paper then to baseboards if necessary.